Installing Ghost CMS on Debian 10

Ghost is an open source blogging platform that helps you easily create a professional-looking online blog. Ghost is a robust content management system (CMS) with a Markdown editor, an easy-to-use user interface, and beautiful themes. It is easy to install and update with Ghost-CLI.

In this guide, you’ll set up, deploy, and secure a Ghost v3.5.1 blog on a Linode running Debian 10, using NGINX, MySQL, Node.js, NPM, Ghost-CLI, and Let’s Encrypt. For installation instructions for other distributions, click here.

Note

This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, consult our Users and Groups guide.

Replace each instance of example.com in this guide with your site’s domain name.

1. This guide assumes that you’ve followed the steps in our Getting Started and Securing Your Server guides and have created a new user for Ghost with elevated sudo privileges. The example username used in this guide is ghostexample.

2. Ensure that you have a valid domain name and properly configured DNS records for your domain.

3. Ensure that your system is up to date:

    sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
   

4. Install build-essential:

    sudo apt install build-essential
   

NGINX will be used as a reverse proxy for your Ghost application:

sudo apt install nginx

1. Download and install MariaDB Server:

    sudo apt install mariadb-server
   

2. Log into MariaDB Server:

    sudo mysql
   

   Note

   MariaDB is a fork of the popular MySQL database software, and is meant to be functionally alike, meaning that it can be accessed with the ‘mysql’ command.

3. Set a password for the root user with this command, replacing password with a strong password:

   SET old_passwords=0;
   ALTER USER root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
   

4. Exit MariaDB:

   quit
   

Ghost is built on Node.js and follows Node’s Long Term Support (LTS) plan. Ghost only supports LTS versions of Node.js.

Download and install Node.js:

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt install nodejs

Ghost-CLI is a command line interface (CLI) tool that makes installing and updating Ghost easy. It sets up the database, configures NGINX as a reverse proxy, enables TLS/SSL security using Let’s Encrypt CA, automatically renews your SSL, and initializes Ghost as a systemd service.

Install Ghost-CLI:

sudo npm install -g ghost-cli@latest

Install Ghost using the Ghost-CLI tool.

1. Create the document root directory:

    sudo mkdir -p /var/www/ghost
   

   Note

   Installing Ghost in the /root or /home/{user} folder won’t work and results in a broken setup. Only use /var/www/{folder} because it has the correct permissions.

2. Change ownership of the /var/www/ghost directory to the non-root user with sudo privileges that you created. In this example, ghostexample is our username:

    sudo chown ghostexample:ghostexample /var/www/ghost
    sudo chmod 775 /var/www/ghost
   

3. Navigate to the Ghost root directory:

    cd /var/www/ghost
   

4. Ensure that the directory is empty to avoid file conflicts:

   ls -a
   

5. Install Ghost in production mode:

    ghost install
   

   Note

   By default Ghost looks for Ubuntu and will display this warning if it detects a different operating system.

   System checks failed with message: 'Linux version is not Ubuntu 16 or 18'
   Some features of Ghost-CLI may not work without additional configuration.
   For local installs we recommend using `ghost install local` instead.

   It will ask you if you would like to continue anyway, answer yes.

6. Answer each question as prompted. For more information about each question, visit the Ghost documentation:

   ? Enter your blog URL: https://example.com
   ? Enter your MySQL hostname: localhost
   ? Enter your MySQL username: root
   ? Enter your MySQL password: thePasswordYouEnteredForRoot
   ? Enter your Ghost database name: exampleGhost
   Configuring Ghost
   Setting up instance
   
   Setting up "ghost" system user
   ? Do you wish to set up "ghost" mysql user? yes
   ? Do you wish to set up Nginx? yes
   ? Do you wish to set up SSL? yes
   ? Enter your email (used for Let's Encrypt notifications) user@example.com
   ? Do you wish to set up Systemd? yes
   ? Do you want to start Ghost? yes

7. After installation is complete, run ghost ls to view running Ghost processes:

    ghost ls
   

In the future when a newer version of Ghost is released, run ghost update from the /var/www/ghost directory to update to the newest version.

To complete the setup process, navigate to the Ghost configuration page by appending /ghost to the end of your blog’s URL or IP. This example uses https://example.com/ghost.

1. On the welcome screen, click Create your account:

2. Enter your email, create a user, password, and blog title:

   

3. Invite additional members to your team. If you’d prefer to skip this step, click I’ll do this later, take me to my blog! at the bottom of the page.

   

4. Navigate the Ghost admin area to create your first post, change your site’s theme, or configure additional settings:

1. Troubleshoot the system for any potential issues when installing or updating Ghost:

    ghost doctor
   

2. Get help about Ghost:

    ghost --help
   

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• Ghost Setup Documentation
• Ghost Theme Documentation
• Ghost API Documentation